Cracking crude oil gcse chemistry

It is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, containing mainly alkanes. The source of the large hydrocarbon molecules is often the naphtha fraction or the gas oil fraction from the fractional distillation of crude oil petroleum. Year 10 and year 11 students of gcse science need to understand how this is done. Useful products from crude oil crude oil is a fossil fuel, formed from the decay of sea creatures over millions of years. Gcse chemistry science revision resouces for carbon compounds covering what is crude oil. In addition to this you will need to know about functional groups such as alcohols, carboxylic acids and esters and how to draw their structures. Thermal decomposition splits large molecules to form smaller molecul.

Fractions with different boiling points condense at different levels of the column and can be collected. Most important useful chemicals,polymers and fuels are obtained from crude oil. Petrol and other fuels are produced from it using fractional distillation. This rises and condenses at its boiling point in the tower the top of the tower is cooler than the bottom this separates the mixture into different liquids and 1 gas.

So lets get cracking get it with alkenes and crude oil. Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons formed from the remains of simple marine organisms over millions of years. Gcse crude oil revise processing by cracking and fracking. Revise what you learned in year 10 and year 11 in this exciting quiz. As part of their work on crude oil, gcse chemistry students will look at thermal cracking. Fractional distillation the many hydrocarbons in crude oil may be separated into fractions, each of which contains molecules of a similar size, by evaporating the oil and allowing it to condense at a number of different temperatures. The very longest alkanes have the strongest intermolecular forces and so dont boil, but exit the column at. This page also contains the link to the notes and video for the revision of this topic c9. Q810 refer to the process of catalytic cracking of the long chain fractions from crude oil. A fraction of crude oil is a mixture of chemicals in the crude oil that have similar boiling points. These resources are specifically designed for senfoundation students studying gcse chemistry ocraqa. Making crude oil usefulfractional distillation and cracking. If alkanes combust in too little air, carbon monoxide may form. Liquids boil liquidgas at their boiling point and start to condense gasliquid back to liquid just below this temperature.

New91 aqa gcse chemistry c9 hydrocarbons kerboodle. The whole of aqa chemistry paper 2 or c2 in only 48 minutes 91 gcse chemistry revision duration. This section, carbon compounds covers what is crude oil. Because there is a high demand for fuels and some of the products of cracking are useful as fuels. Cracking, in petroleum refining, the process by which heavy hydrocarbon molecules are broken up into lighter molecules by means of heat and usually pressure and sometimes catalysts. Learn about and revise crude oil with this bbc bitesize gcse chemistry eduqas study guide. The first stages in the processing of crude oil are described below. Products from crude oil crude oil is described as a fossil fuel but it is much more important than that as many plastics have crude oil as a raw material.

Cracking is the most important process for the commercial production of gasoline and diesel fuel. As the vapour rises up the column, the temperature falls. Fractional distillation of crude oil gcse secondary. If you appreciate the help, consider tipping me to keep me going. So were going to split it up into the main topics you need to learn for gcse, namely alkanes, alkenes and and the cracking of crude oil. One family of hydrocarbons produced from crude oil is called the alkanes. Cracking chemistry in petrochemistry, petroleum geology and organic chemistry, cracking is the process whereby complex organic molecules such as kerogens or longchain hydrocarbons are broken down into simpler molecules such as light hydrocarbons, by the breaking of carbon. Describe what crude oil is, how it is made and what it is made of. Learn about the process of oil distillation in order to create fuels and plastics with bbc bitesize gcse chemistry wjec. Cracking alkanes thermal and catalytic a brief description of the difference between thermal and catalytic cracking of alkanes. Past paper questions crude oil, fractional distillation. In this episode, he will look at how crude oil forms, what its made from, and how its used.

They cover formation of crude oil, hydrocarbons, alkanes, fractional distillation, alkenes and polymerisation. The hydrocarbons in crude oil, having varying chain length, have different boiling points and because of this. Before crude oil can be used as fuel or converted into polymers, it has to be processed. Revision notes on the fractional distillation of crude oil, uses of oil fractions related to size of molecule and intermolecular bonding forces, help when revising for aqa gcse 91 chemistry, edexcel gcse 91 chemistry, ocr gcse 91 gateway science, ocr gcse 91 21st century science gcse 91 chemistry practice examination questions. Chemistry paper 2 organic chemistry crude oil and hydrocarbons. Resources chemistry gcse aqa unit 8 crude oil and fuels. There are hundreds of different alkanes mixed together in crude oil. Cracking hydrocarbons edexcel gcse chemistry revision notes. Organic chemistry now forms a substantial part of the gcse specifications. Gcse chemistry senfoundation crude oil, alkanes, frac. Cracking and alkenes crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes aqa. Home gcse study tools chemistry cracking crude oil. Crude oil is a mixture of a very large number of compounds. Most of the compounds in crude oil consist of molecules made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms only, we call these type of compounds hydrocarbons we represent hydrocarbons in the following ways.

Either way, it means the vast majority of crude oil can be turned into useful products. Start studying aqa gcse chemistry trilogy c9 crude oil and fuels. Chemistry processing crude oil aqa crude oil and other fuels is one area studied in gcse science. Crude oil is described as a fossil fuel but it is much more important than that as many plastics have crude oil as a raw material. Name a product from cracking diesel 6 name a property of a small chain hydrocarbon 4, 7 other than fuel what else can crude oil be used to make. The complete series covers the aqa gcse 91 chemistry 8462 and combined science trilogy 8464 specifications for chemistry. So, we separate this complicated mixture into a simpler mixture of similar alkanes we call these simple mixtures fractions. Revision for aqa chemistry gcse, including summary notes, exam questions by topic and videos for each module. Cracking crude oil eduqas gcse chemistry single science. Written by teachers for the edexcel igcse chemistry course.

Feb 08, 2020 gcse lesson on the uses of crude oil and naming alkanes. Cracking is normally carried out at high temperatures using a catalyst. Crude oil is a mixture of a very large number of compounds it is formed from the remains of plants and animals which died millions of years ago. Revise a level and gcse revision by seneca learning revision jun 9, 2019. The american chemist, william burton, is usually credited with being the inventor of the thermal cracking. Leads onto a lesson on cracking and allows afl for students to be able to name alkanes by carbon number. Cracking oil fractions reaction conditions products equations. New91 aqa gcse chemistry c9 hydrocarbons kerboodle answers. Alkenes along with alkanes can be produced from cracking. Crude oil is heated to evaporate it and turn it into a vapour, the vapour rises through the column and cools, the vapours condense when they are cool enough, and liquids are removed from the column at different heights. Fractional distillation of crude oil refining uses of. What is the formula of an alkane with eight hydrogens. The larger the hydrocarbon molecule the longer its carbonchain length, the higher its boiling point. In catalytic cracking long chain alkanes are converted into.

Explain how cracking involves the breaking down of larger, saturated. Fractional distillation of crude oil oil and cracking. Crude oil cannot be used directly but it is the source of many useful products. The chemistry of cracking results in the formation of smaller, more useful alkanes such as petrol, and even more useful alkenes such as ethene. In petrochemistry, petroleum geology and organic chemistry, cracking is the process whereby complex organic molecules such as kerogens or longchain. Gcse lesson on the uses of crude oil and naming alkanes. Hydrocarbons from oil a2levellevelrevision, chemistry. Crude oil is vapourised and fed into the bottom of the fractionating column. C 16 h 34 is an alkane which can be used as the starting chemical in cracking. The fractional distillation of crude oil produces alkanes. Gcse chemistry revision questions fossil fuels crude. Cracking is the name for a thermal decomposition processes. In petrochemistry, petroleum geology and organic chemistry, cracking is the process whereby complex organic molecules such as kerogens or longchain hydrocarbons are broken down into simpler molecules such as light hydrocarbons, by the breaking of carboncarbon bonds in the precursors. You need to know about alkanes, alkenes, crude oil and the process of cracking.

For this reason, we tend to break up the longer chains into lots of smaller chains. This is a chemical reaction in which heat breaks down long chain. Give a description of how crude oil is formed and where it is found. Crude oil is a dark smelly liquid which is a mixture of many different. Give three examples of fuels which are produced from crude oil that are used in our society.

This is a chemical reaction in which heat breaks down long chain molecules into smaller ones. Hot crude oil over 300 o c is pumped in at the bottom. Hydrocarbons and crude oil gcse chemistry combined science. Petrol and other fuels are produced from it using fractional distillation and cracking. Some can be used for bitumen used to make tar for roads, but there is more residue than we really want. Depending on the end product, the oils can go directly into fuel blending, or they can be routed through further cracking reactions or other. One of these is thermal cracking which is used on crude oil. Products from crude oil scool, the revision website. In this video, we look at how cracking is used to convert. You need to understand certain chemical reactions used in a variety of industrial processes for gcse chemistry.

The unit then moves onto the alkenes as a different homologous series from the alkanes, together with a consideration of the cracking process. Although the crude oil enters the fractionating column as a vapour or a gas, many of the fractions are collected as liquids. Liquid paraffin a mixture of alkanes of chain length c20 and greater is vaporised and passed. Crude oil contains a mixture of different hydrocarbon compounds that boil at different temperatures. Give an example of a method by which cracking can be carried out. Fractional distillation a secondary school revision resource for ocr gcse science about carbon chemistry and making crude oil useful. Science and maths by primrose kitten recommended for you 48.

Crude oil is a dark smelly liquid which is a mixture of many different hydrocarbons. Cracking alkanes the lighter fractions for example, petrol are in large demand. Gcse crude oil revise the thermal cracking reaction. It is the remains of plantsanimalsfossils produced over millions of years 1 mark. A it is a mixture of 1 mark different length hydrocarbons 1 mark. Cracking oil and cracking gcse chemistry single science. Aqa gcse chemistry trilogy c11 the earths atmosphere 6 terms. Two methods of cracking how to write a balanced equation for cracking what an alkene is, and how they differ. Fractional distillation separates a mixture into a number of different parts, called fractions. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Gcse chemistry crude oil by revise a level and gcse.

Gcse science chemistry 91 crude oil and hydrocarbons duration. This is the fifth of six quizzes on that topic and it looks specifically at two methods of processing crude oil cracking and fractioning. This page contains the aqa gcse chemistry c9 hydrocarbons questions and kerboodle answers for revision and understanding hydrocarbons. Chemical bonding, application of chemical reactions and organic chemistry. Cracking of petroleum yields light oils corresponding to gasoline, middlerange oils used in diesel fuel, residual heavy oils, a solid carbonaceous product known as coke, and such gases as methane, ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, and butylene.

This aqa syllabus a quiz will help you revise what they involve. Jono goes organic and talks about crude oil for your gcse exam. Starts with recall of naming simple alkanes and then goes onto develop understanding of alkenes and how they are formed from the cracking process. A petrol, diesel oil, kerosene, heavy fuel oil, liquefied petroleum. We can break down hydrocarbons in a process called cracking. If the answer you have written is not right, change it. Hydrocarbons and crude oil gcse chemistry combined. Cracking is used to convert long alkanes into shorter, more useful hydrocarbons. Replaces diagram on page 4 for both gcse chemistry and da chemistry 2. The fraction produced from crude oil is heated to form a gas.

It does this by evaporating the co into a vapour and pumping it into a tower. It would be timeconsuming and expensive to separate all the different alkanes into pure substances. The best way to remember the information in this chapter is to get a pen and paper and write down your answers. Cracking allows large hydrocarbon molecules to be broken down into smaller, more useful hydrocarbon molecules. Cracking and alkenes crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes. Gcse chemistry revision organic chemistry crude oil. A hydrocarbons are broken down 1 mark to produce smaller more useful molecules 1 mark. Most of the compounds in crude oil consist of molecules made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms only, we call these type of compounds hydrocarbons. Short chain hydrocarbons are more flammable and make very good and useful fuels.

Gcse chemistry what is the cracking of hydrocarbons. It is formed from the remains of plants and animals which died millions of years ago. The best way to remember the information in this chapter is to get a pen and paper and write down your answers before clicking on the answer link which will take you to the correct page you may have to read through some of the page before you find the answer. The reactions are very exothermic give out heat energy, so alkanes in crude oil and natural gas are widely used as heating fuels. Cracking hydrocarbons in liquid paraffin with a catalyst.